Menene farfadowa resin IX?
A cikin tsawon sabis ɗaya ko fiye na sabis, resin IX zai gaji, ma'ana ba zai iya sauƙaƙe halayen musayar ion ba. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da ions masu ƙazantarwa sun daure kusan kusan duk wuraren aiki masu aiki akan matrix ɗin resin. A taƙaice, sabuntawa tsari ne inda aka mayar da ƙungiyoyin aikin anionic ko cationic zuwa matrix resin da aka kashe. An cika wannan ta hanyar yin amfani da maganin sake sabunta sinadarai, kodayake ainihin tsari da sake amfani da su zai dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa na aiwatarwa.
Nau'in hanyoyin sake farfado da resin IX
Tsarin IX yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in ginshiƙai waɗanda ke ɗauke da nau'in resin ɗaya ko fiye. A lokacin sake zagayowar sabis, ana tura rafi zuwa cikin IX shafi inda yake amsawa da resin. Tsarin sake haihuwa na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin iri biyu, dangane da tafarkin da magudanar maganin ke bi. Wadannan sun hada da:
1Sabuntawar haɗin gwiwa (CFR). A cikin CFR, mafita mai sabuntawa yana bin hanya ɗaya azaman maganin da za a bi da shi, wanda yawanci shine sama zuwa ƙasa a cikin shafi na IX. Ba a amfani da CFR yawanci lokacin da manyan magudanan ruwa ke buƙatar magani ko ana buƙatar inganci mafi girma, don cation acid mai ƙarfi (SAC) da gadajen resin tushe mai ƙarfi (SBA) tun da za a buƙaci yawan magudanar maganin sake sabunta resin. Ba tare da cikakken farfadowa ba, resin na iya zubar da ions masu gurbatawa a cikin rafin da aka bi da shi yayin gudanar da sabis na gaba.
2Reverse kwarara regeneration (RFR). Har ila yau, an san shi azaman sake jujjuyawar ruwa, RFR ya haɗa da allurar maganin sake farfadowa a cikin kishiyar tafiyar sabis. Wannan na iya nufin sabuntawa/saukarwa mai saukowa ko sake buɗewa/sake buɗewa. A kowane hali, mafita mai sabuntawa yana tuntuɓar ƙaramin murfin resin da ya ƙare, yana sa tsarin sabuntawa ya fi dacewa. A sakamakon haka, RFR na buƙatar ƙarancin mafita mai sabuntawa kuma yana haifar da raguwar gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, kodayake yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa RFR tana aiki yadda yakamata idan yadudduka resin suka ci gaba da kasancewa a duk lokacin sabuntawa. Don haka, yakamata a yi amfani da RFR kawai tare da ginshiƙai na gado na IX, ko kuma idan ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan na'urar riƙewa don hana resin motsi daga cikin ginshiƙi.
Matakan da ke cikin sake farfado da reshen IX
Matakan asali a cikin sake zagayowar sabuntawa sun ƙunshi masu zuwa:
Baya. Ana yin backwashing ne a cikin CFR kawai, kuma ya haɗa da tsabtace resin don cire daskararrun daskararru da sake rarraba ƙyallen resin. Haɗuwa da beads yana taimakawa cire duk wani barbashi mai kyau da adibas daga farfajiyar resin.
Allurar farfadowa. Ana allurar maganin farfadowa a cikin ginshiƙin IX a cikin ƙarancin ƙarancin kwarara don ba da damar isasshen lokacin tuntuɓar tare da resin. Tsarin sabuntawa ya fi rikitarwa ga ɗakunan gado masu gauraye waɗanda ke ɗauke da anion da resin cation. A cikin gado mai gauraye IX mai gogewa, alal misali, an fara raba resin, sannan ana amfani da magudanar ruwa, sannan mai sabunta acid.
Sauye -sauyen sake haihuwa. Ana fitar da mai sabuntawa sannu a hankali ta hanyar jinkirin gabatar da ruwa mai narkewa, yawanci a cikin adadin kwarara guda ɗaya azaman maganin sake farfadowa. Don raka'a gado na gado, ƙaura yana faruwa bayan aikace -aikacen kowane mafita na sake farfadowa, sannan ana haɗe resins ɗin tare da isasshen iska ko nitrogen. Dole ne a sarrafa ƙimar kwararar wannan matakin “jinkirin kurkura” don gujewa lalacewar beads.
Kurkura. A ƙarshe, ana tsabtace resin da ruwa daidai gwargwadon kwararar sabis ɗin. Yakamata a sake zagayowar wankewa har sai an kai matakin ingancin ruwan da ake so.
Wadanne kayan da ake amfani da su don sake farfado da reshen IX?
Kowane nau'in resin yana kira ga kunkuntar saiti na yuwuwar masu sabunta abubuwan sunadarai. Anan, mun fayyace mafita na yau da kullun ta hanyar nau'in resin, kuma mun taƙaita madadin inda ya dace.
Strong acid cation (SAC) masu sabuntawa
SAC resins za a iya sake sabunta su tare da acid mai ƙarfi. Sodium chloride (NaCl) shine mafi yawan abubuwan sakewa don aikace -aikacen taushi, saboda yana da arha kuma yana samuwa. Potassium chloride (KCl) madaidaicin madadin NaCl lokacin da sodium ba a so a cikin maganin da aka bi da shi, yayin da ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) galibi ana musanya shi don aikace -aikacen laushi mai taushi.
Demineralization tsari ne na matakai biyu, na farko wanda ya haɗa da cire cations ta amfani da resin SAC. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) shine mafi inganci kuma ana amfani dashi sosai don aikace-aikacen yanke hukunci. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), yayin da mafi araha da ƙarancin haɗari ga HCl, yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki, kuma yana iya haifar da hazo na alli sulphate idan an yi amfani da shi a cikin babban taro.
Rage acid cation (WAC) masu sabuntawa
HCl shine mafi aminci, mafi inganci mai sabuntawa don aikace -aikacen dealkalization. Ana iya amfani da H2SO4 azaman madadin HCl, kodayake dole ne a kiyaye shi cikin ƙarancin hankali don guje wa hazo na alli sulphate. Sauran madadin sun haɗa da acid mai rauni, kamar acetic acid (CH3COOH) ko citric acid, waɗanda kuma a wasu lokuta ake amfani da su don sake sabunta resins na WAC.
Strong Base Anion (SBA) masu sabuntawa
SBA resins za a iya sabunta su kawai tare da tushe mai ƙarfi. Caustic soda (NaOH) kusan koyaushe ana amfani dashi azaman mai sake fasalin SBA don lalata abubuwa. Hakanan ana iya amfani da potash na caustic, kodayake yana da tsada.
Raunin Base Anion (WBA) resins
NaOH kusan koyaushe ana amfani da ita don sabunta WBA, kodayake ana iya amfani da alkalis masu rauni, kamar Ammonia (NH3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), ko dakatarwar lemun tsami.
Lokacin aikawa: Jun-16-2021